Blood circulation, accelerate blood flow, rhythmic contraction and relaxation

If exercise increases the amount of blood in a state of rapid circulation. In connection with this the amount of blood deposited, which allows to consider effects of exercise, rhythmic contraction and relaxation as a factor

reducing venous stasis. The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of certain muscle groups are a powerful factor in the blood circulation, venous hemodynamics.

To accelerate blood circulation also actively influence the motion of the joints executed with great amplitude. To this must be added the impact of respiratory function.

Respiratory excursions of the chest and diaphragm have a stimulating effect on venous hemodynamics, speeding up the inflow of venous blood to the heart.

We must also take into account the positive impact on venous hemodynamics periodic increase and decrease intra-abdominal pressure.

The latter is important in view of the fact that in the abdomen are the liver, spleen and large venous trunks, which are the place where pathological conditions accumulates a large amount of blood, which leads to stagnation.

The net effect of various noncardiac factors on hemodynamics and enhanced physical exercise leads to an acceleration of blood flow and a decrease in stagnation.

Thus, in evaluating the mechanism of action of exercise in circulation should take into account the coordinated participation of various hemodynamic factors in ensuring the circulatory function.

Exercise activates the activity and the hemodynamic factors contribute to a better degree, the functions of blood circulation, accelerate blood flow, especially at elevated queries in connection with the exchange gain during exercise.

The process of training exercise improves patient physiological mechanisms regulating blood circulation, blood circulation, improving the overall performance of the cardiovascular system.

The nature and intensity of the exchange, the circulatory system

The nature and intensity of metabolic processes in myocardium are dependent on their regulation both sections vegetative part of the nervous system.

So, work Raab shown that in patients with chronic coronary insufficiency strengthening effects of adrenergic sympathetic division can lead to oxygen starvation of the myocardium.

With increasing cholinergic effect of parasympathetic part of the function of the myocardium increases in connection with the conservation of oxygen.

It is essential as the physical and chemical condition of the surrounding tissues, and variations in the physical and chemical state of colloids capillary walls.

Gietogematichesky barrier between blood flow and lymph cell when the patient exercise becomes more permeable, thereby facilitates the transfer of oxygen and nutrients from the blood capillary network of the cell and yield of the products of cellular metabolism, and carbon dioxide from the cells into the bloodstream.

Disposal of oxygen on the increase, the active substance of muscle activity positive tone the cardiovascular system.

Therefore, the systematic use of physical exercise as it streamlines the processes of tissue metabolism and thus causes a decrease in requests to the circulatory system.

The mechanism of action of exercise on the circulatory system as a whole is important venous hemodynamics.

This question becomes even more important in the pathology, especially in the development failure of the cardiovascular system as the circulatory decompensation characterized by impaired venous hemodynamics and development of stagnation.

Various hemodynamic factors supporting the circulatory system, affect it in varying degrees. For example, it is known that the rate is gradually reduced in the arteries, further slowing in the capillaries, and then increases again in the venous system.

This increase in blood flow is mainly due to the influence of venous hemodynamics group supporting factors of the circulatory system.

Exercise and circulatory system

Effect of exercise on hemodynamics

Under the influence of the routine use of exercise gradually improves the function of the circulatory system.

Ideas of functional therapy is the governing in a modern clinic, especially pronounced in the method of physical therapy,

where acting on patient factors - exercise - actively involving through the nervous system and the subsequent humoral shifts all parts of the circulatory system.

Under the influence of the routine use of exercise gradually improves the function of the circulatory system.

At the heart of this process - the development of a functional adaptation of the patient to physical activity - is the process of training the dosage.

Under the influence of the latter, a high co-ordination function of the circulatory system, respiration, metabolism, etc., The leading element of achieving coordinated activity of all the major systems of the body of the patient is the nervous system, with its higher parts - the cerebral cortex, with the higher centers, regulating blood pressure, open yet In 1886 VM Bekhterev.

The leading role in the regulation of the circulatory system belongs to the neural mechanisms, which by reflex perform this function.

This nervous regulation not only supports blood pressure at a certain level, but also provides rapid redistribution of the blood and, in particular, the transition from the rest of the body in an active state.

Neural mechanism of regulation of the circulatory system operates in close connection with the humoral influences.

Thus, an increase in hydrogen ion concentration, accumulation of blood lactic acid, carbon dioxide and others. Irritate the chemoreceptors in the reflex zones of the vessels (aorta in the mouth, in the carotid sinus et al.), Which affects the self-regulating blood pressure and arterial muscle tone.

In the lumen of blood vessels is also affected by a number of substances that cause vasoconstrictor and vasodilator effect.

Thus, the vasoconstrictor effect on arterioles and capillaries renders the adrenaline, the coronary vessels of the heart and blood vessels of the brain expands adrenaline.

Vasopressin (posterior pituitary hormone) causes a narrowing of the capillaries mainly in all organs, except the kidneys and the renin (produced in the kidney) has a vasoconstrictor effect and causes an increase in blood pressure.

Training exercise, the impact on the metabolism

The process of training exercise has a stimulating effect on metabolism. The effect on metabolism, carried out through the nervous system, and the impact on strengthening the regulation of operating systems

from various chemical compounds having high physiological activity.

In this regard it should be noted that under the influence of physical exercise, as well as increasing the circulation faster delivery of products of muscular activity and strengthens the role of treble activators operating at a great distance from their place of education (products of the endocrine glands), which promotes a coordinated function of major systems organism.

Over the past 20 years due to the rapid development of biochemistry it became known that the numerous reactions of conversion and metabolism in the body are dependent on physical exercise and mental activity of man and the influence of environmental factors.

For example, during training exercise and stress reactions are accelerated metabolism and ensures the release of the energy required for operation. It was also known that the reaction rate is determined by the metabolic activity of the enzyme catalyzing the reaction.

These activators are numerous hormones in the blood flow which varies with the external conditions. Thus, it was found that when psychological or physical pressure is increased release of corticosteroids, which is regarded as adaptive.

Increased allocation of corticosteroids is due to increased activity of the anterior pituitary, adrenal gland releasing adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulant.

Hormonal regulation of metabolism

In general m   during the hormonal regulation of metabolism participate pancreatic hormones paraschitovidkoy, pituitary gland, gonads and others. However, the nervous system, they form a neuro-hormonal regulation, which ensures consistency of exchange reactions at rest and during exercise.

When you exercise in the working muscle tissues are formed mainly of protein substances proiskhozhdeniya.Tak, our experimental observations indicate that the blood taken from patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system, and patients with spinal cord injuries immediately after exercise, is increasing and strengthening contractions of isolated heart frog.

Thus, the physiological effects of exercise on the coordination of the functions carried out primarily through the nervous mechanism, supplemented as humoral effects, including both non-specific substances (products of metabolism in muscle activity) and specific (hormones).

Such interaction of nerve and humoral mechanism provides a common reaction of the body of the sick person to the different types of physical activities and external factors sredy.V assessing the impact of exercise on the patient should be aware that the process of training improves tissue metabolism.

During the physical exercise to working muscles of blood flowing in a large quantity, and hence more nutrients and oxygen utilization which increases tissue.

Muscular system under the influence of training enriched potential elements of exchange - adenosine acid fosfagenom, glycogen, et al., Raises resynthesis phosphorus compounds, as well as lactate to glycogen and therefore the lactic acid in the muscles trained person stored in a much smaller amount in comparison with untrained person.

It is also proved that training leads to a reduction of energy consumption of substances during muscle activity.