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Modern physiology and pathology
At the same time the implementation of exercise there is an increasing effect on the central nervous system of afferent stimuli.
In the process of training and develop temporary fixed connection (cortico-visceral-muscular and musculo-viscero-cortical), improving consistency in the functioning of various body systems of the patient, enriched conditional reflex activity.
By joining humoral and trophic influence caused by the nervous system. This results in a better functioning of the various systems and whole body of the patient, which improves the therapeutic effect.
Important in the reactivity of the patient to exercise plays a humoral mechanism, which compared to the nerve should be considered as subordinate to the mechanism of the secondary order.
Modern physiology and pathology give the leading role of the nervous regulation of an organism, which is seen especially in a period of heightened activity, causing the overall response of the patient to exercise.
It is known that the activity of the organs and tissues in the body is caused not only by waves of nervous excitation (nerve impulses), but also special chemicals that are formed in the body - hormones and metabolic products (metabolites).
An important role in the reaction of the body attributed to the autonomic nervous system.
It should be borne in mind that the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine glands are functioning in a close relationship, it can be considered as a single functioning system - vegetative-endocrine.
Experimental observations have enabled Orbeli argue that the sympathetic nervous system innervating muscle tissue, it regulates metabolism, adapting it to the functional activities.
This regulating effect of the sympathetic nervous system division Orbeli calls adaptive-trophic, pursuing the idea of uselessness and deep opposition trophotropic energotropic effects on the muscular system.
Features of adenosine triphosphate
When physical exercise significantly activates metabolism in the muscles and the chemistry of muscle contraction. It is known that the energy source of the working muscles are occurring on enzymatic and oxidative processes.
Biochemical changes under the influence of muscular exercise have been studied since the time of Lomonosov and Lavoisier. A particularly large contribution to the study of this issue has made Russian biochemical School headed by AV Palladin.
Currently accepted theory of muscle contraction, outlined Engelhardt, showed a direct connection with the splitting of muscle contractions adenosine kisloty.V beginning muscle contraction for the first time and with the greatest speed split adenosine triphosphate.
This is followed by a slow process of decay phosphogen on creatine and phosphoric acid. The slowest is the process of splitting of glycogen to lactic acid.
Formed by splitting phosphogen phosphoric acid is used length re-synthesis (recovery) and adenosine triphosphate phosphogen in redox phase exchange. Restorative processes are provided mainly by oxidation of carbohydrates with the active participation of oxygen.
As shown, the latest research of muscle contraction, the latter is carried out with the participation of the proteins actin and myosin. Thus, the protein myosin is contractive muscles and the substance has the property to break down adenosine triphosphate. Myofibrils composed of actomyosin, representing two long filaments of actin and myosin, bonded with each other.
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