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All about the sun. Sun rays. Why the sun is harmful. Sunny capital. Solar factor. Children and the sun. Water and sun.
Sun rays
Ultraviolet rays are divided into three groups: A, B and C. The most dangerous to humans are the rays of the spectrum C
(with a wavelength of less than 290 nm), but they fortunately do not reach the Earth's surface, neutralizing the ozone layer in the atmosphere.
Rays (wavelength 290-320 nm) is sufficient to freely pass through the ozone layer, and with every day more intense. They act on the surface layer of the skin by stimulating the production of melanin in it, gives the skin a darker shade.
Sunburn - nothing more than the response of the skin, its attempt to protect themselves from the sun.
Long range A rays (320-400 nm), constituting 90-95% of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth, are imperceptible to the human. They do not cause skin burns, but penetrate into its deepest layers, provoking all sorts of sun allergies and skin aging, and reducing its immunity.
Why is the sun bad?
If the skin is exposed long enough to the sun, its natural protection from UV light is not enough. In-rays begin to penetrate deep into the skin, damaging the cell walls and causing sunburns.
With regard to the rays of the spectrum A, they were long considered harmless, because even in excess they do not cause burns and discomfort. But in recent years it became clear that, unlike in the radiation acts only on the top layer of skin, the A-rays penetrate to its deeper layers and cause irreversible changes in collagen and elastin - the main protein of the skin.
As a result, their impact is reduced skin tone, appear premature wrinkles. A rays are also slightly change the structure of the skin cells, causing a variety of allergic reactions to sunlight.
Moreover, all the solar rays cause the formation of free radicals in the skin - these aggressive negatively charged particles destroy skin cells that leads to its aging.
Sunny Capital
During the life of the skin can protect the body from exposure to ultraviolet rays only 50 000 hours (light-skinned blondes) and 150 000 hours (dark-skinned brunettes).
Since the first years of life communion with the sun must be very careful and as safely as possible. Otherwise, there is a real possibility of losing "solar capital" - a genetic skin's ability to heal itself after exposure to the sun.
"Sun Capital" - is the ability of the skin to sunburn, thickening of the horny layer and its process of cellular repair the skin. The negative effects of ultraviolet radiation on the skin tends to accumulate.
Therefore, when too often and prolonged exposure to the sun very early, there are signs of skin aging: loss of elasticity, laxity, wrinkles, age spots.
Scientists say that one season of intensive tanning ages the skin for 6 months.
This means that if the past 10 years you have spent their holidays mainly on the beach, roasting in the sun, it is a chance to get the first wrinkles appear on your five years earlier than usual.
To keep your "solar capital", it is necessary to minimize the time tanning and use sunscreen.
Solar factor
Sun protection factor (SPF or IP) or that funds shows how many times longer, causing it means you can stay in the sun without fear of scalding.
For example, owners of light skin who burn easily in 5 minutes, using a cream with SPF 20 can be in the sun 100 minutes, that is a little more than one and a half hours.
Smuglokozhih brunettes, easily carrying ultraviolet within an hour, causing the same means can enjoy the sun 1200 minutes - almost around the clock. SPF is calculated in the laboratory, based on the rules of 2 mg of product per 1 square. cm skin.
Unfortunately, when determining the SPF can not account for specific conditions: effect of ultraviolet radiation, sunbathing frequency, the intensity of perspiration, the presence of contact with water, sand, beach towel. Therefore, when calculating necessary for you SPE, to share the resulting time at 2-2, 5, and be sure to pay attention to the additional properties of creams, for example, water resistance (waterproof), resistance to sand (sandproof) and perspiration (sweat resistant).
It should also be borne in mind that sunscreen takes effect within 5-10 minutes after application - so it should be applied at home. Before going out, carefully, evenly, until completely absorbed.
Children and the sun
Children under three years do not have to be under the direct rays of the sun say dermatologists. The skin of babies are very few cells that produce melanin, so their protective layer of tanning is very weak.
Moreover, the stratum corneum child epidermis nearly two times thinner than in adults - ultraviolet rays easily penetrate into the skin, causing burns, which in most cases is much greater and longer than in adults and may lead to the development of skin cancers .
Sun protection for children older than 3 years, specially adapted to the needs of children's skin. They contain only neutral physical filters contain no additives, dyes and alcohol. Going tan, skin baby necessarily lubricate sunscreen every 2 hours, each time after swimming and use the cream with a protection factor of at least 25! This is very important!
Water and sun
The water represents only 5% of the sun (unlike sand, 20% reflective). Therefore, the water presents you most "burning souvenirs." I do not trust her alluring freshness and beauty and do not stay in the water for long. It transmits up to 50 percent of UV rays, and its freshness and coolness dull sense of danger.
Therefore, when buying a sunscreen note written on a tube or whether the jar word Waterproof ("Waterproof"). Due to the special water-repellent components of these products effectively protect the skin even after hours in the water.
Do not forget, after every bath should be carefully wipe the skin: the remaining drops of water on it like mikrolupam enhancing sunlight, which can cause severe burns.
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