Action of exercise, the doctrine of the dynamic stereotype

Based on studies by Soviet physiologists, it should be recognized that the growth of functions in the exercise, carried out at a constant corrective effect

cortex of the cerebral hemispheres, due to the qualitative changes in operating systems, and a gradual increase in functional capacity, decrease due to pathological process.

In the understanding of the physiological effect of exercise becomes important teachings of Pavlov's dynamic stereotype.

On this occasion, Pavlov wrote:

"The entire installation and distribution in the cerebral cortex excitatory and inhibitory state occurring in a certain period under the influence of internal and external stimuli, with a variety of recurring conditions, more and more fixed, committed easier and automaticity.

Thus it obtained dynamic stereotype in the cortex (the system), whose support is less and less nervous labor "

Action of exercise

These statements Pavlov are known according to the following provisions, highlighted Sechenov:

a) for memorizing movements in the first phase are repeated stimulation of certain nerve pathways;

b) the further repetition of uniform exposure to neuro-psychic organization provides a new quality of movement;

c) the repetition of the usual experience in a variety of conditions contributes to its enrichment. "

Excitability of the central nervous system

Exercise causes such reflex responses that enhance the excitability of the central nervous system, its reactivity. It should be borne in mind that the nature and strength of the response

(degree of muscle contraction, quick reflexes and others.) are related to physiological mobility of the nervous processes. AN Krestovnikov indicates that the change in excitability of the central nervous system under the action of physical exercise is one of the essential points for the full formation of conditioned reflexes and restore faded conditioned reflex connections.

In this regard, in the assessment of the action of physical exercise on the patient should be taken into consideration and their influence disinhibited, which in turn against moderate excitation functions creates conditions that facilitate the conduction of nerve impulses.

In traumatic disorders that are attached to the stimulation of blood and lymph circulation and increased resorption of inflammatory products in the area of ​​the pathological focus, thereby reducing compression and creates more favorable conditions for the active influence of exercise on recovery of movement.

Implementation of the recovery process in the motor or autonomic disorders are closely related to the plasticity of the cerebral cortex. Exercise enhance the functional restructuring, providing a stimulating effect on the efferent and afferent to the system.

To muscle receptors pulses followed by somatic and autonomic pathways in the central nervous system integrates information afferent systems. This association in its highest expression and perfection, as indicated by KM Bykov, occurs in the cerebral cortex.

The restoration of the disturbed functions, in particular, cause irreversible damage to organs and tissues, great attention should be compensatory mechanisms.

The value of the plasticity of the nervous system in the restructuring of functions, cerebral cortex

Years of research Asratyan and its employees dedicated to the problem of compensation functions, led the author to the conclusion that the cerebral cortex I out primary regulator of the adaptive changes that occur in the affected organism.

During the training exercise is carried out well-worn neural pathways, both afferent and efferent, and improved synaptic transmission.

One of the disciples of Pavlov Anokhin showed that the afferent system is of paramount importance in the process of the exercise. He and his colleagues made the vagus nerve anastomosis with peripheral segment of one of the mixed nerves of the brachial plexus and the dogs got "re-training" center.

The centers of the vagus nerve began to perform the function of the motor. There was not just a short-term functional changes in the nervous centers, and their restructuring through the establishment of new nerve connections to the body, whose nerves have been crossed.

Following this Asratyan shown that this restructuring may be only at the impact s of the cerebral cortex, as when the last animal is no adjustment does not reach   Can not. This once again confirms the essential plasticity of the nervous system in the restructuring of functions.

The study of this issue also showed that functional systems of the brain are deprived of their natural flow of impulses from peripheral receptors undergo dramatic morphological changes its nerve, vascular and other structures, especially pronounced in the early stages of ontogeny.

Involvement in the process of training

Sick optimistic about the recovery of his ability to work, convinced of the possibility of the dosage operation. With each procedure the patient medical gymnastics bolder and more actively involved in the training process.

A representative of the Roman medicine Galen believed that no nerve no movement called arbitrary.

Later, the founder of modern electrophysiology Dubois-Raymond pointed out that exercises muscles with a big right can be called gymnastics nervous system.

But to understand the physiological effect of exercise have played a crucial role to achieve Russian physiological school. Pavlovsky nervism allowed a position to evaluate the scientific mechanism of action of physical exercise.

Experts based their research on the principles of Pavlovian physiological teaching.

At present, clearly advocates the position that whatever exercise we take, in all cases, all parts of the nervous system are involved in the reactive response of the organism to exercise.

Thus, with the help of exercise can influence the reactivity of the nervous system when transferring the patient from an inactive to an active state, exerting influence on the development of compensatory mechanisms.

It should be borne in mind that the functional and dynamic restructuring of the nervous system, achieved in the presence of a systematic and prolonged exercise can be carried out only under constant control of correcting cerebral cortex.

The most important condition of this restructuring and the development of compensatory mechanisms is the physiological plasticity of the cerebral cortex.

The practice of physiotherapy incentive to recovery

Positive emotions stimulate a variety of physiological mechanisms and, at the same time, distract the patient from painful experience that is essential to the success of the treatment and recuperation of the patient.

It is appropriate to recall the expression of SI Spasokukotsky:

"Cheer up a sick person - it is half cured" .Neobhodimo emphasize that the sense of satisfaction that arises from the work done in patients with muscular work (muscle joy to Pavlov), increases their self-confidence, creates a cheerful mood .

Emerging positive emotions during exercise marked in the statement of Pavlov, who wrote:

"All my life, I love the physical and mental work and, perhaps, even more than the second."

When combined with the explanation display process is facilitated by the exercise (through the first and second signal systems).

It should be borne in mind that language is closely related to thinking and that it is characterized by generalizations function as a team and explain the exercise directly influence the perception of stimuli and the actions and reactions of the patient, which are caused by direct stimulation.

That is why the calm, clear and confident team, a clear explanation of the exercises will be a powerful factor that helps patients learn and develop the function of motion.

In the practice of physical therapy doctrine of the second signal system is also expressed in terms of the psychotherapeutic effects on the patient.

It must be admitted that the word doctor said sometimes without sufficient consideration of the state of the neuro-psychiatric patient, it can cause deterioration due natrogennoe disease.

Experience of physical therapy in the clinic shows that the mere appointment of patients on bed rest, physical therapy is a stimulus to recovery, it is the patient known psychic restructuring.