Exercise for a sick person

Fundamentals of physiological and therapeutic action

For a proper understanding of the therapeutic value of the method of physical therapy is essential for the study of the action of exercise on the body healthy and the sick person.

In this regard, it must be considered as already studied basic physiological patterns and the data obtained by subsequent observations of Soviet fiziologov.Osobenno important for understanding the physiological and therapeutic effect of exercise on the patient's body has a physiological doctrine of Pavlov.

It is valuable because it based on a thorough experiment shows the unity of the material and mental, organic and functional, objective and subjective.

His doctrine of higher nervous activity revealed the material basis of mental processes and dealt a severe blow to this idealistic, reactionary views on the essence of human mental activity.

It formed the basis for justification of the method of physical therapy, creating conditions for further development of scientific research in the field of physical therapy.

For a correct interpretation of the question of physiotherapy Pavlov's theory is valuable in that it develops the ideas Botkin clinic. Note Botkin, the clinic - it is, first, a method, and secondly, the system and, thirdly, deep individualizirovanie patient is directly related to understanding the therapeutic role of physiotherapy.

Looking at the body as a whole, Pavlov explained scientifically, what is due to the functional unity of the body. The basis of the theory he put nervism, whose founders were Sechenov and SP Botkin. According to this theory, all life processes of the body are regulated by the central nervous system.

Physiological measure against disease

The human body has various mechanisms contributing to recovery. Hippocrates pointed out that there is healing power of the body, which, when diseases can lead to self-healing. Mechnikov considered phagocytosis as a physiological mechanism of self-healing and self-defense.

Sechenov pointed to the presence in the body expedient "defensive" refleksov.V concept of "physiological measure against the disease," Pavlov puts idea of ​​protective devices available to man.

Currently, medicine is developing a new section, studying the mechanisms of the body's release of a pathological condition - recovery mechanism (the study of sanogenesis).

Therapeutic exercises using the basic process of exercise and workout, strengthens the body's defense measures, increasing its resistance to adverse environmental factors.

At the same time stimulating and exercising influence of the physical therapy contributes to a temporary or permanent compensation, more perfect and improve the functioning of the health and disability of patients, facilitating their recovery.

Physiological substantiation of physical therapy, which is based on a comprehensive study of the effects of physical exercise, would greatly open and therapeutic nature of the influence of physical exercise on the body of the patient.

In this regard, the problem of studying the mechanism of action is the leitmotif of the whole theory of physical therapy, the cardinal and the most difficult problem in the study of this issue.

The achievements of Soviet physiology, biochemistry and other disciplines were given the opportunity to properly assess the physical exercise as a complex non-specific irritant, affecting almost all human functions.

Physiological effect and stimulating effect of exercise

With regard to the physiological effect of exercise on the sick person, some changes in the organism under the influence of relatively clarified, such as changes in heart rate, blood pressure, systolic and minute volume, pulmonary ventilation, lactic acid, carbon dioxide and others.

Many of the same mechanisms in the action of exercise on the sick person has not been studied.

This should include dynamic adjustment mechanism of the central nervous system by the use of cortico-visceral relationship during physical exercise, the development of substitute mechanisms of central nervous system, psychogenic patient response, humoral and other changes.

Covering the mechanism of action of physical exercise, we have to express our views to a certain extent, hypothetically, the more that the effect of exercise on the patient is complicated by the presence of pathophysiological changes that have developed in connection with the painful process.

Naturally, the mechanism of action of physical exercise, a healthy person subordinate the fundamental laws of regulation of physiological functions, will be dependent on the characteristics of pathological changes in the body of the patient.

If we turn to the passive action of exercise on vascular tone, we will see that this action is in the undisturbed tone gives it a slight decline.

But when there is hypertonicity, such as hypertension, we observe a more pronounced reduction in hyper. Similar changes are taking place also in spastic paralysis, cuts, trauma of the brain and spinal cord.

Thus, the same factor - physical exercise - depending on the background can cause pathological changes not only quantitatively different, but even in the opposite direction.

The stimulating effect of exercise

The following description of the physiological effect of exercise is considered by us, regardless of the characteristics of pathological processes developing in those or other diseases or injuries. In this chapter, we consider it possible to specify a path for the main effect of exercise on the patient.

The stimulating effect of exercise on the patient via the nervous mechanism involving reactive response to his entire body.

In contrast lokalisticheskim views on the use of exercise to practice medical gymnastics, who were in captivity vicious anti-evolutionary virhovekoy cellular pathology, the study of the question put on strong and scientifically sound assessment of the effect of the position of physical exercise as a factor acting on the whole body of the patient.

The human body - not the amount of cells and organs, and complex integrated system, where the functional connection of all systems and organs is determined by the leading governing the role of the nervous sistemy.S position of modern physiology can not imagine that the effect of even basic exercises can be limited to the area of ​​its immediate application, not the influence on the entire body.

Putting forward the problem in the first place impact on the organism as a whole, the method of the physical therapy is valuable and that he is in its very essence not lokalistichen. This explains the success of its application to patients with different diseases and injuries.

Physiological Responses

In consideration of basic physiological reactions when exposed to exercise in the patient should proceed from the position of the great Russian scientists IM Sechenov, Pavlov, Michurin and others.

the unity of the environment and organizma.I. Sechenov considered the possible existence of an organism in a changing environment because the body adapts to these changes.

The physiological response of the body to the action of environmental factors not only appropriate to the nature, quality and quantity characteristics of the past, but is defined by them. In this light the issue as a whole body acts as an indissoluble unity with the environment. Life organism Pavlov regards as "a continuous balancing of the internal environment of the organism to the conditions of the environment."

The leading mechanism in this case is the nervous system. Currently, there is no doubt that all the effects of external and internal environment, causing the part of the body's different responses occur with the indispensable and obligatory participation of the nervous system.

Therefore, not only innate, but mainly arise due time determine the most balanced relationship between organism and environment. Essence observed in physiology and pathology process is adaptive, this is the main and most common biological regularity.

Adaptive processes have reached the highest human development as a naturally developing adaptive acts he attached the adult training, which, in particular, is the leitmotif of physiotherapy.

The role of the external environment

The role of the external environment in the development of disease and in the treatment of their most clearly reflected in the writings of one of the leading representatives of Russian therapeutic school AA Ostroumova. He pointed out:

"We perform first reading - to change the environment that is not consistent with the functional power of the body. Most of us have enough to restore the balance of items, remove the disorder. "

The use of different types of physical exercise (gymnastics, walking, health path, excursions, games, swimming and diving, walking skiing, skating, etc.), Translating the patient's body in a more pronounced active state, substantially change its relationship with the environment .

The impact on the patient's external environmental factors in the application of physical therapy is particularly vivid expression in the spa treatment.

In carrying patients of different active exercise of its internal environment as it approaches the influence it by external factors, and this balancing act is carried out of the central nervous sistemoy.Izvestno that during the patient's stay at the resort or in the resort it is influenced by various environmental factors.

All these social, as well as mechanical, weather, climate and other factors, and are subject to various fluctuations in turn form a complex set of interactions, a particular environment.

Considering the relationship between man and the environment should take into account not only its ability to actively change the natural environment, but deliberately, intentionally and change its nature, its body, its reactivity to stimuli of the environment.

This process is reflected in the training exercise and hardening natural factors of nature, which is particularly evident during the spa treatment and that contributes to a better therapeutic success.